How do ideology and propaganda function in today’s Belarus and Russia—and how can societies respond?
This analytical report summarises the findings of the third round of Belarusian–Russian expert discussions held under the Chatham House Rule in November 2025. Ten leading analysts from both countries examined the ideological frameworks that shape political life, the mechanisms of propaganda, and the consequences for society, education, the media, civil initiatives, and regional security.
The report explores:
• whether ideology in Russia and Belarus truly exists,
• how pseudo-ideologies operate as tools of authoritarian control,
• the similarities and differences between ideological systems in the two countries,
• the impact of propaganda on public consciousness, education, and culture,
• and what Belarusian and Russian civil societies can do—individually and together—to resist.
• whether ideology in Russia and Belarus truly exists,
• how pseudo-ideologies operate as tools of authoritarian control,
• the similarities and differences between ideological systems in the two countries,
• the impact of propaganda on public consciousness, education, and culture,
• and what Belarusian and Russian civil societies can do—individually and together—to resist.
This publication presents a comprehensive and clear-eyed assessment of the ideological landscape in both states, along with practical recommendations for democratic actors, educators, media professionals, and international partners.